What if... we Knew the Effects and Benefits of Virtual Reality in Childhood? | Proceedings of the 26th Symposium on Virtual and Augmented Reality (2025)

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Hector Cardona-Reyes, Gerardo Ortiz-Aguinaga, MariaLorena Barba-Gonzalez, and Jaime Munoz-Arteaga. 2021. User-Centered Virtual Reality Environments to Support the Educational Needs of Children With ADHD in the COVID-19 Pandemic. IEEE Revista Iberoamericana de Tecnologias del Aprendizaje 16 (11 2021), 400–409. Issue 4. https://doi.org/10.1109/RITA.2021.3135194

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Eshita Dhar, Umashankar Upadhyay, Yaoru Huang, Mohy Uddin, George Manias, Dimosthenis Kyriazis, Usman Wajid, Hamza AlShawaf, and ShabbirSyed Abdul. 2023. A scoping review to assess the effects of virtual reality in medical education and clinical care. DIGITAL HEALTH 9 (1 2023), 205520762311580. https://doi.org/10.1177/20552076231158022

Marta Ferraz-Torres, Nelia Soto-Ruiz, Paula Escalada-Hernández, Cristina García-Vivar, and LeticiaSan Martín-Rodríguez. 2023. Can virtual reality reduce pain and anxiety in pediatric emergency care and promote positive response of parents of children? A quasi-experimental study. International Emergency Nursing 68 (5 2023), 101268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ienj.2023.101268

Cristina Fiani, Robin Bretin, ShaunAlexander Macdonald, Mohamed Khamis, and Mark Mcgill. 2024. "Pikachu would electrocute people who are misbehaving": Expert, Guardian and Child Perspectives on Automated Embodied Moderators for Safeguarding Children in Social Virtual Reality. Proceedings of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1145/3613904.3642144

Franca Garzotto, Mirko Gelsomini, Francesco Clasadonte, Daniele Montesano, and Daniele Occhiuto. 2016. Wearable Immersive Storytelling for Disabled Children. Proceedings of the International Working Conference on Advanced Visual Interfaces, 196–203. https://doi.org/10.1145/2909132.2909256

Mirko Gelsomini. 2016. An Affordable Virtual Reality Learning Framework for Children with Neuro-Developmental Disorder. Proceedings of the 18th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility, 343–344. https://doi.org/10.1145/2982142.2982143

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GülçinÖ. Gerçeker, Şeyda Binay, Elif Bilsin, Ayşe Kahraman, and HaticeB. Yılmaz. 2018. Effects of Virtual Reality and External Cold and Vibration on Pain in 7- to 12-Year-Old Children During Phlebotomy: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing 33 (12 2018), 981–989. Issue 6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jopan.2017.12.010

TaufiqurrakhmanNur Hidayat, FendiAji Purnomo, EkoHarry Pratisto, KsatriaTirta Nusantara, and Yudho Yudhanto. 2023. Virtual Reality-Based Traffic Sign Education for Early Childhood. 2023 Eighth International Conference on Informatics and Computing (ICIC), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIC60109.2023.10382058

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AhsanRomadlon Junaidi, Yovie Alamsyah, Oktaviani Hidayah, and NurWagis Mulyawati. 2020. Development of Virtual Reality Content to Improve Social Skills in Children with Low Function Autism. 2020 6th International Conference on Education and Technology (ICET), 115–119. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICET51153.2020.9276607

AhsanRomadlon Junaidi, DimasArif Dewantoro, Joko Yuwono, Muchamad Irvan, Yovie Alamsyah, and NurWagis Mulyawati. 2021. The Acceptance Level of Low Functioning Autism while Using Virtual Reality Head-Mounted Display. 2021 7th International Conference on Education and Technology (ICET), 199–203. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICET53279.2021.9575117

Polyxeni Kaimara, Andreas Oikonomou, and Ioannis Deliyannis. 2022. Could virtual reality applications pose real risks to children and adolescents? A systematic review of ethical issues and concerns. Virtual Reality 26 (6 2022), 697–735. Issue 2. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10055-021-00563-w

Merve Kaya and ZeynepKaraman Özlü. 2023. The effect of virtual reality on pain, anxiety, and fear during burn dressing in children: A randomized controlled study. Burns 49 (6 2023), 788–796. Issue 4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.burns.2022.06.001

Seongki Kim, JinHo Ryu, Youngchyul Choi, YooSeok Kang, Hongle Li, and Kibum Kim. 2020. Eye-Contact Game Using Mixed Reality for the Treatment of Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. IEEE Access 8 (2020), 45996–46006. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2977688

HooKyung Lee and Jooyeon Jin. 2023. The effect of a virtual reality exergame on motor skills and physical activity levels of children with a developmental disability. Research in Developmental Disabilities 132 (1 2023), 104386. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2022.104386

Stefan Liszio, Oliver Basu, and Maic Masuch. 2020. A Universe Inside the MRI Scanner: An In-Bore Virtual Reality Game for Children to Reduce Anxiety and Stress. Proceedings of the Annual Symposium on Computer-Human Interaction in Play, 46–57. https://doi.org/10.1145/3410404.3414263

Stefan Liszio, Linda Graf, Oliver Basu, and Maic Masuch. 2020. Pengunaut trainer: a playful VR app to prepare children for MRI examinations: in-depth game design analysis. Proceedings of the Interaction Design and Children Conference, 470–482. https://doi.org/10.1145/3392063.3394432

Tommaso Loiacono, Marco Trabucchi, Nicolò Messina, Vito Matarazzo, Franca Garzotto, and EleonoraAida Beccaluva. 2018. Social MatchUP: a Memory-like Virtual Reality Game for the Enhancement of Social Skills in Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Extended Abstracts of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1145/3170427.3188525

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Pierre Nolin, Annie Stipanicic, Mylène Henry, Yves Lachapelle, Dany Lussier-Desrochers, Albert“Skip” Rizzo, and Philippe Allain. 2016. ClinicaVR: Classroom-CPT: A virtual reality tool for assessing attention and inhibition in children and adolescents. Computers in Human Behavior 59 (6 2016), 327–333. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.02.023

Robert Rauschenberger and Brandon Barakat. 2020. Health and Safety of VR Use by Children in an Educational Use Case. 2020 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), 878–884. https://doi.org/10.1109/VR46266.2020.00010

Maooadah Sait, Amany Alattas, Ammnah Omar, Salwa Almalki, Snaa Sharf, and Ebtehal Alsaggaf. 2019. Employing Virtual Reality Techniques in environment adaptation for autistic children. Procedia Computer Science 163 (2019), 338–344. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2019.12.116

Ashirbad Samantaray, Chayan Majumder, Taranjit Kaur, Sheffali Gulati, and TapanKumar Gandhi. 2023. Development of an Augmented Reality based Joint Attention Training Platform for Autistic Children. 2023 14th International Conference on Computing Communication and Networking Technologies (ICCCNT), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCCNT56998.2023.10308029

Dimitrios Saredakis, Ancret Szpak, Brandon Birckhead, Hannah A.D. Keage, Albert Rizzo, and Tobias Loetscher. 2020. Factors Associated With Virtual Reality Sickness in Head-Mounted Displays: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 14 (3 2020). https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2020.00096

EyşanHanzade Savaş, Remziye Semerci, and Cengiz Bayram. 2024. The effect of a biofeedback-based virtual reality game on pain, fear and anxiety levels during port catheter needle insertion in pediatric oncology patients: A randomized controlled study. European Journal of Oncology Nursing 70 (6 2024), 102621. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejon.2024.102621

AnnaK. Schlechter, Winnie Whitaker, Sujit Iyer, Giovanni Gabriele, and Matthew Wilkinson. 2021. Virtual reality distraction during pediatric intravenous line placement in the emergency department: A prospective randomized comparison study. The American Journal of Emergency Medicine 44 (6 2021), 296–299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2020.04.009

Mojtaba Shahab, Alireza Taheri, SeyedRamezan Hosseini, Mohammad Mokhtari, Ali Meghdari, Minoo Alemi, Hamidreza Pouretemad, Azadeh Shariati, and AliGhorbandaei Pour. 2017. Social Virtual Reality Robot (V2R): A Novel Concept for Education and Rehabilitation of Children with Autism. 2017 5th RSI International Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics (ICRoM), 82–87. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICRoM.2017.8466148

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Shogo Shimada, Kenji Funahashi, Kenta Ito, Yoshimi Tanase, and Kumiko Iwazaki. 2017. VR hand hygiene training system that visualizes germs to be washed and removed. 2017 IEEE 6th Global Conference on Consumer Electronics (GCCE), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1109/GCCE.2017.8229333

Erica Southgate, Steve Grant, Simon Ostrowski, Andrew Norwood, Monica Williams, and Dara Tafazoli. 2022. School students creating a virtual reality learning resource for children. 2022 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces Abstracts and Workshops (VRW), 01–06. https://doi.org/10.1109/VRW55335.2022.00060

Shiu-Hau Tsai, Ying-Hao Hsieh, Ting-Hao Chao, Shih-Ching Yeh, Eric Hsiao-Kuang Wu, and Hsiao-Wen Kao. 2020. Early Intervention VR Sporting Games for Motor Skill Developmental Delay Children. 2020 International Symposium on Computer, Consumer and Control (IS3C), 98–101. https://doi.org/10.1109/IS3C50286.2020.00033

Lawrence Tychsen and Paul Foeller. 2020. Effects of Immersive Virtual Reality Headset Viewing on Young Children: Visuomotor Function, Postural Stability, and Motion Sickness. American Journal of Ophthalmology 209 (1 2020), 151–159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajo.2019.07.020

Aditya Vishwanath, Matthew Kam, and Neha Kumar. 2017. Examining Low-Cost Virtual Reality for Learning in Low-Resource Environments. Proceedings of the 2017 Conference on Designing Interactive Systems, 1277–1281. https://doi.org/10.1145/3064663.3064696

Julia Woodward and Jaime Ruiz. 2023. Designing Textual Information in AR Headsets to Aid in Adults’ and Children’s Task Performance. Proceedings of the 22nd Annual ACM Interaction Design and Children Conference, 27–39. https://doi.org/10.1145/3585088.3589373

Dylan Yamada-Rice, Faisal Mushtaq, Adam Woodgate, Daniel Bosmans, A Douthwaite, I Douthwaite, Wilfred Harris, RaymondJohn Holt, David Kleeman, Jackie Marsh, ElizabethHunter Milovidov, MMon Williams, Becky Parry, A.M.H. Riddler, Peter Robinson, Deborah Rodrigues, SandraClaire Thompson, and SamuelF. Whitley. 2017. Children and Virtual Reality: Emerging Possibilities and Challenges. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:115363750

Hassan Yazdanin, Sajjad Zareii, ZohreBagheri Rekhne, AmirMohammad Vakili, Ariana Soltani, and Talieh Zarifian. 2023. Design and Development of a VR-based System for Training Response to Joint Attention in Autistic Children: A Preliminary Study. 2023 30th National and 8th International Iranian Conference on Biomedical Engineering (ICBME), 328–332. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICBME61513.2023.10488524

BüşraGüliz Yıldırım and Gülçin Özalp Gerçeker. 2023. The Effect of Virtual Reality and Buzzy on First Insertion Success, Procedure-Related Fear, Anxiety, and Pain in Children during Intravenous Insertion in the Pediatric Emergency Unit: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Emergency Nursing 49 (1 2023), 62–74. Issue 1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jen.2022.09.018